1 00:00:11,529 --> 00:00:09,730 hello everybody and welcome to this 2 00:00:12,730 --> 00:00:11,539 week's Hubble hang out my name is Tony 3 00:00:14,409 --> 00:00:12,740 Darnell and I work at the Space 4 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:14,419 Telescope Science Institute and this 5 00:00:19,330 --> 00:00:16,010 week we've got a really great hangout 6 00:00:22,800 --> 00:00:19,340 plan for you as we usually do we this 7 00:00:26,020 --> 00:00:22,810 week we are taking a look at some of the 8 00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:26,030 as we all as we had many times we you 9 00:00:30,790 --> 00:00:28,610 know Hubble has been sort of identified 10 00:00:33,220 --> 00:00:30,800 as you know using and looking at faraway 11 00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:33,230 distant objects but this week we're 12 00:00:36,970 --> 00:00:35,210 highlighting some objects where we 13 00:00:39,670 --> 00:00:36,980 inside the solar system a little bit 14 00:00:41,950 --> 00:00:39,680 closer to home and with this week today 15 00:00:44,920 --> 00:00:41,960 in fact we have released some new images 16 00:00:47,800 --> 00:00:44,930 new observations of Hubble's looking at 17 00:00:49,569 --> 00:00:47,810 Jupiter and we have with us members of 18 00:00:50,889 --> 00:00:49,579 the Hubble heritage team as well as some 19 00:00:52,180 --> 00:00:50,899 astronomers who have also helped with 20 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:52,190 these observations but before I get 21 00:00:57,069 --> 00:00:54,050 started have a couple of announcements I 22 00:00:59,110 --> 00:00:57,079 want to make this week on Monday if you 23 00:01:02,470 --> 00:00:59,120 go to Space Telescope gorg there is a 24 00:01:04,830 --> 00:01:02,480 video contest it just opened up called 25 00:01:07,660 --> 00:01:04,840 ode to Hubble and if you would like to 26 00:01:09,610 --> 00:01:07,670 celebrate Hubble's 25th anniversary you 27 00:01:13,930 --> 00:01:09,620 are invited to make a video and submit 28 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:13,940 it on YouTube and and then enter that 29 00:01:20,789 --> 00:01:17,210 into the contest itself the the link is 30 00:01:22,930 --> 00:01:20,799 I only weapon on the event page here 31 00:01:24,219 --> 00:01:22,940 it's on the event as well as the 32 00:01:26,170 --> 00:01:24,229 description of the YouTube video that 33 00:01:28,660 --> 00:01:26,180 word they were broadcasting on so we 34 00:01:31,719 --> 00:01:28,670 hope you will join there are two 35 00:01:33,850 --> 00:01:31,729 categories if you are under 25 and if 36 00:01:35,740 --> 00:01:33,860 you are over 25 now if you're under 25 37 00:01:37,330 --> 00:01:35,750 that means that you don't know a world 38 00:01:39,340 --> 00:01:37,340 without the Hubble Space Telescope and 39 00:01:42,310 --> 00:01:39,350 we're affectionately calling you the 40 00:01:45,219 --> 00:01:42,320 Hubble generation for those of you over 41 00:01:54,660 --> 00:01:45,229 25 years old there's a separate category 42 00:01:57,100 --> 00:01:54,670 and the price it comes with jer his all 43 00:02:01,330 --> 00:01:57,110 but the prize is really cool they are 44 00:02:03,399 --> 00:02:01,340 they are offering a piece of the solar 45 00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:03,409 array that actually was part of Hubble 46 00:02:07,660 --> 00:02:06,170 early on in its mission and as well as a 47 00:02:10,749 --> 00:02:07,670 plaque and a very good variety of other 48 00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:10,759 things so please check out the link 49 00:02:16,710 --> 00:02:13,250 below on the end in the description 50 00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:16,720 we hope to see your video soon now uh if 51 00:02:22,480 --> 00:02:20,450 so if you have any questions or issues 52 00:02:25,150 --> 00:02:22,490 like that just by all means let us know 53 00:02:27,250 --> 00:02:25,160 and we will help you and as much as we 54 00:02:28,570 --> 00:02:27,260 can and getting those videos submitted 55 00:02:31,780 --> 00:02:28,580 so we look forward to seeing what you've 56 00:02:34,380 --> 00:02:31,790 got this week so let's get to this 57 00:02:37,570 --> 00:02:34,390 hangout this week we are talking about 58 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:37,580 Hubble has observed Jupiter and we've 59 00:02:42,460 --> 00:02:40,010 gotten some really great observations in 60 00:02:46,479 --> 00:02:42,470 fact there is a very somewhat rare 61 00:02:49,750 --> 00:02:46,489 conjunction that that happens every few 62 00:02:51,430 --> 00:02:49,760 I guess it's the guess it happens every 63 00:02:54,100 --> 00:02:51,440 few decades or something like that it 64 00:02:58,240 --> 00:02:54,110 was it was very a very rare event that 65 00:03:00,190 --> 00:02:58,250 we got here and with us is the members 66 00:03:02,080 --> 00:03:00,200 of the hubble heritage team and we 67 00:03:06,479 --> 00:03:02,090 invite your questions and comments also 68 00:03:09,250 --> 00:03:06,489 if you want to interact with us we have 69 00:03:13,300 --> 00:03:09,260 you can comment on the hubble hangout 70 00:03:16,030 --> 00:03:13,310 event that way on g+ you can also tweet 71 00:03:18,370 --> 00:03:16,040 at using the Hubble hang out hashtag as 72 00:03:19,479 --> 00:03:18,380 well as using the Q&A app that's 73 00:03:21,610 --> 00:03:19,489 actually the best way to interact 74 00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:21,620 because I'm monitoring that and you can 75 00:03:26,289 --> 00:03:23,330 also leave comments on the YouTube page 76 00:03:28,120 --> 00:03:26,299 that were broadcasting from so we're 77 00:03:31,780 --> 00:03:28,130 joining me as a as she always does is 78 00:03:34,690 --> 00:03:31,790 dr. carol christian she's the HST 79 00:03:36,550 --> 00:03:34,700 outreach scientist as well as the driver 80 00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:36,560 of the internet scott lewis at 81 00:03:41,229 --> 00:03:39,170 scientific scott hi Scott how's it going 82 00:03:44,140 --> 00:03:41,239 Tony really good thanks and thank you 83 00:03:48,220 --> 00:03:44,150 guys for joining me and so today's 84 00:03:50,680 --> 00:03:48,230 today's panel we have Zolt lavey he is 85 00:03:54,100 --> 00:03:50,690 the he's the guy who I think is one of 86 00:03:56,890 --> 00:03:54,110 the one of the person's most prominent 87 00:03:59,110 --> 00:03:56,900 in the Hubble heritage team-highs old we 88 00:04:00,880 --> 00:03:59,120 also have dr. mike wong he's an 89 00:04:04,180 --> 00:04:00,890 astronomer at the University of 90 00:04:05,979 --> 00:04:04,190 California Berkeley hi Mike and do a 91 00:04:07,479 --> 00:04:05,989 straw she's the she's an astronomer at 92 00:04:10,270 --> 00:04:07,489 the Institute she's joining us also 93 00:04:12,580 --> 00:04:10,280 welcome everybody hello and you know and 94 00:04:14,740 --> 00:04:12,590 as oh let me start with you what have we 95 00:04:17,020 --> 00:04:14,750 got here we've got we've got some images 96 00:04:18,250 --> 00:04:17,030 and observations of Jupiter so why don't 97 00:04:22,450 --> 00:04:18,260 you describe a little bit what we've got 98 00:04:24,780 --> 00:04:22,460 here okay so we were able to get one 99 00:04:26,400 --> 00:04:24,790 orbit with Hubble 100 00:04:28,860 --> 00:04:26,410 we were privileged enough to get one 101 00:04:32,340 --> 00:04:28,870 orbit to look at a fairly rare event the 102 00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:32,350 crossing of several moons across the 103 00:04:38,160 --> 00:04:34,570 face of Jupiter several Jupiter's moons 104 00:04:41,460 --> 00:04:38,170 across the face of Jupiter if I could 105 00:04:47,010 --> 00:04:41,470 start by opening my screen I can show 106 00:04:53,310 --> 00:04:47,020 you these images and what we have here 107 00:04:57,020 --> 00:04:53,320 is two images of Jupiter can you all see 108 00:04:59,610 --> 00:04:57,030 that it will all see it this line on the 109 00:05:02,250 --> 00:04:59,620 so there are two images of Jupiter taken 110 00:05:04,830 --> 00:05:02,260 at different times about roughly 40 111 00:05:06,510 --> 00:05:04,840 minutes apart so on the Left we see the 112 00:05:09,180 --> 00:05:06,520 disk of Jupiter with those bands of 113 00:05:12,030 --> 00:05:09,190 clouds dark and light clouds and then we 114 00:05:14,160 --> 00:05:12,040 see number of dots on top of it on the 115 00:05:16,710 --> 00:05:14,170 Left we see a kind of brown on the 116 00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:16,720 left-hand panel on the lower left we see 117 00:05:26,790 --> 00:05:21,610 a brownish image and that's the that's 118 00:05:30,030 --> 00:05:26,800 the moon Callisto to the lower right of 119 00:05:32,040 --> 00:05:30,040 that as a black dot right on the edge of 120 00:05:34,530 --> 00:05:32,050 Jupiter and that's a shadow of another 121 00:05:37,050 --> 00:05:34,540 moon Europa which we don't actually see 122 00:05:41,070 --> 00:05:37,060 in that image up towards the upper right 123 00:05:43,500 --> 00:05:41,080 we see a yellowish moon and that's IO a 124 00:05:46,950 --> 00:05:43,510 very interesting moon of Jupiter and to 125 00:05:50,130 --> 00:05:46,960 its upper right we see its shadow fairly 126 00:05:53,580 --> 00:05:50,140 sharp and distinct shadow and just below 127 00:05:55,890 --> 00:05:53,590 I oh we see another shadow and that's 128 00:05:59,850 --> 00:05:55,900 actually the shadow of Callisto which is 129 00:06:01,830 --> 00:05:59,860 way off to the lower left so the 130 00:06:05,100 --> 00:06:01,840 Callisto's shadow is much farther away 131 00:06:06,630 --> 00:06:05,110 from Callisto than iOS shadows away from 132 00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:06,640 it and that's because Maya was much 133 00:06:12,090 --> 00:06:09,370 closer to Jupiter also you may notice 134 00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:12,100 that Callisto's shadow is much fuzzier 135 00:06:16,950 --> 00:06:14,410 it's much less distinct and that's also 136 00:06:20,280 --> 00:06:16,960 because Callisto is much farther from 137 00:06:23,610 --> 00:06:20,290 the planet than iOS on the right we have 138 00:06:27,690 --> 00:06:23,620 the same basically the same view of 139 00:06:29,820 --> 00:06:27,700 Jupiter but everything's moved so the 140 00:06:31,650 --> 00:06:29,830 moons of all shifted because they're 141 00:06:34,830 --> 00:06:31,660 orbiting around Jupiter at a rather 142 00:06:38,399 --> 00:06:34,840 rapid clip and so I owe is now off 143 00:06:41,309 --> 00:06:38,409 almost off the disk on the right hand 144 00:06:44,999 --> 00:06:41,319 right hand side and Europa now we can 145 00:06:48,119 --> 00:06:45,009 see Europa itself just inside the edge 146 00:06:50,790 --> 00:06:48,129 at the lower left and Europa shadow is 147 00:06:52,979 --> 00:06:50,800 off to its upper right and we still see 148 00:06:55,139 --> 00:06:52,989 Callisto moved over and close to the 149 00:06:58,229 --> 00:06:55,149 shadow so those are the basic oh that 150 00:07:00,179 --> 00:06:58,239 two images now you also have an 151 00:07:03,659 --> 00:07:00,189 animation of this I believe as well 152 00:07:05,489 --> 00:07:03,669 don't you uh yeah let me Scott maybe 153 00:07:09,209 --> 00:07:05,499 Scott can pull out can kill the enemy up 154 00:07:13,679 --> 00:07:09,219 here all right so these are so Mike let 155 00:07:15,509 --> 00:07:13,689 me were you involved in planning these 156 00:07:18,299 --> 00:07:15,519 ops all Scouts got it up now here we go 157 00:07:19,409 --> 00:07:18,309 okay yeah so here is an animation why 158 00:07:24,839 --> 00:07:19,419 don't you describe this real quick for 159 00:07:27,540 --> 00:07:24,849 soul okay well we see individual frames 160 00:07:30,989 --> 00:07:27,550 we took during this observation with 161 00:07:33,269 --> 00:07:30,999 Hubble and we simply see the moon's 162 00:07:35,669 --> 00:07:33,279 marching across the planet as they orbit 163 00:07:40,109 --> 00:07:35,679 around Jupiter now this is a loop so you 164 00:07:41,869 --> 00:07:40,119 see it we have 24 individual frames so 165 00:07:47,899 --> 00:07:41,879 there's about a minute and a half 166 00:07:50,579 --> 00:07:47,909 between each frame so we simply see the 167 00:07:52,409 --> 00:07:50,589 Jupiter itself rotating and if you look 168 00:07:54,779 --> 00:07:52,419 very closely you can see that the 169 00:07:57,239 --> 00:07:54,789 different bands of clowns on Jupiter 170 00:07:59,969 --> 00:07:57,249 rotate at different speeds so there's 171 00:08:02,969 --> 00:07:59,979 clouds themselves are shifting across 172 00:08:06,869 --> 00:08:02,979 Jupiter and then above that we see the 173 00:08:11,189 --> 00:08:06,879 moon's moving across the face of Jupiter 174 00:08:14,189 --> 00:08:11,199 moons and their shadows so this is okay 175 00:08:16,979 --> 00:08:14,199 so this is uh so this is the animation 176 00:08:19,199 --> 00:08:16,989 of the observations themselves it 177 00:08:21,829 --> 00:08:19,209 Michael me and we get you in here looks 178 00:08:25,259 --> 00:08:21,839 a little bit this this particular arm 179 00:08:27,629 --> 00:08:25,269 set of observations up it shows up a 180 00:08:31,579 --> 00:08:27,639 pretty unique configuration of the moons 181 00:08:33,749 --> 00:08:31,589 of Jupiter and Jupiter itself would you 182 00:08:35,339 --> 00:08:33,759 describe a little bit were you involved 183 00:08:39,540 --> 00:08:35,349 in the planning of these observations at 184 00:08:41,519 --> 00:08:39,550 all or yeah it was this on purpose but 185 00:08:44,210 --> 00:08:41,529 it was getting getting getting these 186 00:08:46,970 --> 00:08:44,220 giving this conjunction oh yeah yeah we 187 00:08:50,819 --> 00:08:46,980 well we were alerted that the 188 00:08:52,300 --> 00:08:50,829 configuration was uh was coming up and 189 00:08:56,769 --> 00:08:52,310 so we we looked at 190 00:08:59,100 --> 00:08:56,779 when when we could actually observe this 191 00:09:03,700 --> 00:08:59,110 and a couple neat techniques were used 192 00:09:07,510 --> 00:09:03,710 but um well we were actually pretty 193 00:09:10,570 --> 00:09:07,520 lucky because Hubble has a 96 minute 194 00:09:13,600 --> 00:09:10,580 orbit around the earth and so half the 195 00:09:15,190 --> 00:09:13,610 time it can actually point at Jupiter 196 00:09:19,900 --> 00:09:15,200 it'll Jupiter will be on the other side 197 00:09:21,610 --> 00:09:19,910 of the the earth from from Hubble so we 198 00:09:25,329 --> 00:09:21,620 were lucky that Hubble was on the right 199 00:09:28,030 --> 00:09:25,339 side of the planet earth at the time 200 00:09:32,920 --> 00:09:28,040 that these shadows were shadows and 201 00:09:34,960 --> 00:09:32,930 moons were transiting so we have it we 202 00:09:38,860 --> 00:09:34,970 have a diagram I think of the actual 203 00:09:40,180 --> 00:09:38,870 geometry of the of the the conjunction 204 00:09:42,190 --> 00:09:40,190 itself can you pull that up real quick I 205 00:09:44,680 --> 00:09:42,200 want to ask my question about the 206 00:09:46,180 --> 00:09:44,690 frequency at which these things you know 207 00:09:47,680 --> 00:09:46,190 this this config this particular 208 00:09:55,170 --> 00:09:47,690 configuration is actually pretty rare 209 00:10:02,440 --> 00:09:55,180 correct uh yeah it's pretty rare um and 210 00:10:06,670 --> 00:10:02,450 we actually did get a last year your 211 00:10:08,290 --> 00:10:06,680 various Great Red Spot with Hubble right 212 00:10:09,579 --> 00:10:08,300 and we did a hangout I believe we did 213 00:10:13,150 --> 00:10:09,589 that we did a hangout on that as well so 214 00:10:15,430 --> 00:10:13,160 here's the configuration and the the of 215 00:10:19,900 --> 00:10:15,440 the geometry of the geometry of the of 216 00:10:22,300 --> 00:10:19,910 the alignment of these moons and give us 217 00:10:26,829 --> 00:10:22,310 some idea of just how how rare how often 218 00:10:29,500 --> 00:10:26,839 this happens um I didn't actually look 219 00:10:32,740 --> 00:10:29,510 at the amount of how how rare this is 220 00:10:35,699 --> 00:10:32,750 but the the things that have to be in 221 00:10:40,810 --> 00:10:35,709 place where this to be observed is that 222 00:10:43,090 --> 00:10:40,820 that the tilt of Jupiter's rotational 223 00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:43,100 plane which is where the moons are 224 00:10:50,199 --> 00:10:46,010 traveling has to be aligned such that 225 00:10:52,360 --> 00:10:50,209 the sun is shining what the Sun is lying 226 00:10:54,670 --> 00:10:52,370 in that plane and so it's a similar 227 00:10:59,890 --> 00:10:54,680 thing with eclipse is on the earth 228 00:11:03,640 --> 00:10:59,900 there's two times a year for for the 229 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:03,650 earth to go into your clip season so we 230 00:11:09,879 --> 00:11:06,170 can see lunar eclipses or solar eclipses 231 00:11:11,259 --> 00:11:09,889 only only twice a year during a clip 232 00:11:13,870 --> 00:11:11,269 season that doesn't mean there's always 233 00:11:15,370 --> 00:11:13,880 going to be in eclipse but the 234 00:11:18,129 --> 00:11:15,380 configuration has to be right for that 235 00:11:21,030 --> 00:11:18,139 right I'm so same thing with a Jupiter 236 00:11:23,769 --> 00:11:21,040 twice twice a Jupiter year you'll have 237 00:11:27,340 --> 00:11:23,779 shadows going across the disk like this 238 00:11:29,050 --> 00:11:27,350 but for all three of these four three 239 00:11:32,800 --> 00:11:29,060 moons to be on the disk at one time is 240 00:11:35,530 --> 00:11:32,810 super rare right so occurred about twice 241 00:11:40,180 --> 00:11:35,540 and last 15 years and the next one will 242 00:11:42,400 --> 00:11:40,190 be 2032 mmm nice so it's pretty pretty 243 00:11:45,220 --> 00:11:42,410 awesome and pretty rare event to see 244 00:11:46,420 --> 00:11:45,230 this the way that we have it here and 245 00:11:48,610 --> 00:11:46,430 it's also great that Hubble like you 246 00:11:50,139 --> 00:11:48,620 said Mike was in a position where it 247 00:11:52,930 --> 00:11:50,149 could actually catch capture these 248 00:11:54,879 --> 00:11:52,940 things um so this is something that I 249 00:11:56,620 --> 00:11:54,889 want to come back a little bit to the 250 00:11:58,810 --> 00:11:56,630 image the images in the processing in 251 00:12:00,550 --> 00:11:58,820 just a second but this is something that 252 00:12:03,250 --> 00:12:00,560 we're releasing called up it's it's 253 00:12:05,139 --> 00:12:03,260 called Hubble heritage and these are 254 00:12:09,269 --> 00:12:05,149 observations at hubbell makes that's 255 00:12:11,470 --> 00:12:09,279 slightly different from normal Hubble 256 00:12:13,810 --> 00:12:11,480 programming time correct can you give us 257 00:12:17,019 --> 00:12:13,820 a sense of what a Hubble heritage image 258 00:12:19,170 --> 00:12:17,029 is what is that program I'll help right 259 00:12:22,480 --> 00:12:19,180 Hubble heritage is a program to 260 00:12:25,630 --> 00:12:22,490 emphasize the aesthetics the visual 261 00:12:27,850 --> 00:12:25,640 appeal of the images not so much the 262 00:12:31,840 --> 00:12:27,860 signs I mean all the images all the data 263 00:12:34,630 --> 00:12:31,850 have science their science data so they 264 00:12:38,710 --> 00:12:34,640 have science they're important for 265 00:12:42,220 --> 00:12:38,720 science but we felt that that there are 266 00:12:44,710 --> 00:12:42,230 images which are have aesthetic value 267 00:12:48,699 --> 00:12:44,720 above and beyond their scientific value 268 00:12:51,460 --> 00:12:48,709 so Hubble heritage is hopes to find the 269 00:12:54,160 --> 00:12:51,470 best images from Hubble and distribute 270 00:12:56,559 --> 00:12:54,170 them as as aesthetic images in addition 271 00:13:00,430 --> 00:12:56,569 to their science content so along with 272 00:13:02,230 --> 00:13:00,440 that we have been fortunate to have 273 00:13:04,750 --> 00:13:02,240 gotten a little bit of time on the 274 00:13:06,220 --> 00:13:04,760 telescope thanks to the various 275 00:13:08,949 --> 00:13:06,230 directors of the Space Telescope Science 276 00:13:13,269 --> 00:13:08,959 Institute have seen it important enough 277 00:13:14,860 --> 00:13:13,279 to first of all augment some of the 278 00:13:17,860 --> 00:13:14,870 observations that are already exists 279 00:13:20,860 --> 00:13:17,870 robble and with a some little 280 00:13:22,810 --> 00:13:20,870 more observing we could produce an image 281 00:13:24,730 --> 00:13:22,820 that would be better than what was 282 00:13:26,740 --> 00:13:24,740 possible from the data already existing 283 00:13:30,040 --> 00:13:26,750 in the archive and in some cases were 284 00:13:32,019 --> 00:13:30,050 able to propose to do images which have 285 00:13:35,019 --> 00:13:32,029 not been done before and then there are 286 00:13:37,720 --> 00:13:35,029 special events like like this Jupiter 287 00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:37,730 event which is kind of a special event 288 00:13:43,210 --> 00:13:41,330 that its scientific value is relatively 289 00:13:44,980 --> 00:13:43,220 minimal compared to some other different 290 00:13:46,630 --> 00:13:44,990 other kinds of observations that you 291 00:13:49,690 --> 00:13:46,640 could do but it might be of interest to 292 00:13:52,329 --> 00:13:49,700 many many people and so we were again 293 00:13:54,970 --> 00:13:52,339 fortunate enough to have one orbit 294 00:13:58,720 --> 00:13:54,980 available on the telescope to make these 295 00:14:00,490 --> 00:13:58,730 observations and so this is a you know a 296 00:14:04,300 --> 00:14:00,500 group here group of people here at the 297 00:14:07,660 --> 00:14:04,310 Institute and we propose these 298 00:14:09,190 --> 00:14:07,670 observations we plan a man's kid and and 299 00:14:11,290 --> 00:14:09,200 make the observations and then do the 300 00:14:14,019 --> 00:14:11,300 imaging from them and all the drive 301 00:14:16,450 --> 00:14:14,029 products and I was also going to comment 302 00:14:18,490 --> 00:14:16,460 as far as the events I mean when we talk 303 00:14:21,970 --> 00:14:18,500 about these among ourselves in the group 304 00:14:24,460 --> 00:14:21,980 we will say well is this one of these 305 00:14:26,290 --> 00:14:24,470 things where one would say this it would 306 00:14:28,060 --> 00:14:26,300 be a shame if Hubble didn't you know 307 00:14:29,800 --> 00:14:28,070 observe that or people would be 308 00:14:32,590 --> 00:14:29,810 interested in knowing what Hubble sees 309 00:14:35,740 --> 00:14:32,600 in this circumstance so there have been 310 00:14:40,300 --> 00:14:35,750 other circumstances like solar system 311 00:14:43,420 --> 00:14:40,310 objects like comets and other and this 312 00:14:45,010 --> 00:14:43,430 one for example where answerers you know 313 00:14:46,750 --> 00:14:45,020 do a lot of photography because they 314 00:14:49,540 --> 00:14:46,760 have much more time than we do we have 315 00:14:51,850 --> 00:14:49,550 only you know this one orbit but it's 316 00:14:53,949 --> 00:14:51,860 good to have that and compare and you 317 00:14:55,810 --> 00:14:53,959 can really see a lot more detail on the 318 00:14:59,710 --> 00:14:55,820 Hubble observations but it also has a 319 00:15:02,019 --> 00:14:59,720 lot of synergy with the amateurs and I'm 320 00:15:06,100 --> 00:15:02,029 hoping that the professionals will also 321 00:15:10,240 --> 00:15:06,110 find this data useful in in the overall 322 00:15:12,910 --> 00:15:10,250 look look at Jupiter as a planet and how 323 00:15:15,280 --> 00:15:12,920 the clouds work and all that kind of 324 00:15:18,120 --> 00:15:15,290 stuff so as far as all Hubble 325 00:15:20,980 --> 00:15:18,130 observations of Jupiter it probably has 326 00:15:22,480 --> 00:15:20,990 long-term value in that sense no I'm 327 00:15:24,460 --> 00:15:22,490 glad you brought that up the the amateur 328 00:15:26,199 --> 00:15:24,470 aspect of this because I've you know 329 00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:26,209 I've spent a lot of years looking at 330 00:15:28,840 --> 00:15:27,770 Jupiter also through a telescope and of 331 00:15:31,360 --> 00:15:28,850 course it's a very beautiful thing to 332 00:15:31,720 --> 00:15:31,370 look at through binoculars and stuff 333 00:15:34,210 --> 00:15:31,730 like 334 00:15:37,780 --> 00:15:34,220 but Susannah I wonder if I could get you 335 00:15:40,840 --> 00:15:37,790 to maybe you have a is this something 336 00:15:42,819 --> 00:15:40,850 that perhaps amateurs could look at 337 00:15:45,069 --> 00:15:42,829 through the through a telescope in fact 338 00:15:46,480 --> 00:15:45,079 you you also have a component where 339 00:15:48,280 --> 00:15:46,490 you're involved with the Galileo scope 340 00:15:51,699 --> 00:15:48,290 right with this up with this this kind 341 00:15:55,060 --> 00:15:51,709 of thing be visible through that yes so 342 00:15:57,850 --> 00:15:55,070 I have a right so you could use a small 343 00:15:59,319 --> 00:15:57,860 telescope that's capable of looking at 344 00:16:03,790 --> 00:15:59,329 Jupiter and then you would see the 345 00:16:05,829 --> 00:16:03,800 moon's crossing the face right and you 346 00:16:07,509 --> 00:16:05,839 can even see these through but not you 347 00:16:09,430 --> 00:16:07,519 can see the four Galilean moons 348 00:16:11,829 --> 00:16:09,440 especially the largest moons in 349 00:16:14,340 --> 00:16:11,839 binoculars or small telescopes things 350 00:16:16,990 --> 00:16:14,350 like that but these these transits these 351 00:16:19,090 --> 00:16:17,000 shadows across you can also facing 352 00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:19,100 through a small I don't know maybe a 353 00:16:24,129 --> 00:16:20,810 four inch or a little bit a little bit 354 00:16:25,449 --> 00:16:24,139 higher telescope because the the the you 355 00:16:27,220 --> 00:16:25,459 need to be able to see the bands of 356 00:16:29,949 --> 00:16:27,230 Jupiter and something that would let you 357 00:16:31,360 --> 00:16:29,959 get a little more resolving power out of 358 00:16:32,800 --> 00:16:31,370 it I think it's something like four 359 00:16:35,800 --> 00:16:32,810 inches they might let you see the 360 00:16:37,569 --> 00:16:35,810 transits or the shadows but hold up hold 361 00:16:39,970 --> 00:16:37,579 up your Galileo scope real quick let's 362 00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:39,980 take a look so this is this is something 363 00:16:44,410 --> 00:16:43,010 that is a well describe it what are you 364 00:16:47,019 --> 00:16:44,420 holding up there okay so what I'm 365 00:16:49,600 --> 00:16:47,029 holding up here is a better version of 366 00:16:51,340 --> 00:16:49,610 Galileo's telescope and originally in 367 00:16:53,620 --> 00:16:51,350 five years ago for the international 368 00:16:55,870 --> 00:16:53,630 year of astronomy people got together 369 00:16:58,230 --> 00:16:55,880 and wanted to have a telescope that was 370 00:17:02,769 --> 00:16:58,240 high optical quality but yet inexpensive 371 00:17:04,600 --> 00:17:02,779 and the result was this I don't know it 372 00:17:06,900 --> 00:17:04,610 sure if you can see it is this telescope 373 00:17:10,329 --> 00:17:06,910 it's black plastic it's not very large 374 00:17:14,169 --> 00:17:10,339 it's about a couple of inches diameter 375 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:14,179 right sort of similar in size to the one 376 00:17:19,299 --> 00:17:16,010 that Galileo used four hundred-odd years 377 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:19,309 ago and the whole idea was to so that 378 00:17:25,230 --> 00:17:22,010 they would the intention was to have the 379 00:17:28,120 --> 00:17:25,240 optics be such that you could observe 380 00:17:29,950 --> 00:17:28,130 Jupiter's Jupiter's moons as well as 381 00:17:31,990 --> 00:17:29,960 Saturn and Saturn's rings so it's 382 00:17:34,390 --> 00:17:32,000 definitely a solar system type telescope 383 00:17:37,150 --> 00:17:34,400 okay there are other telescopes that you 384 00:17:40,930 --> 00:17:37,160 can use as well this one is just what 385 00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:40,940 that I'm familiar with hahaha but that 386 00:17:45,280 --> 00:17:43,250 one that one is a it's kind of like a 387 00:17:46,990 --> 00:17:45,290 replica of the one that Galilee 388 00:17:49,150 --> 00:17:47,000 use when he discovered these satellites 389 00:17:52,810 --> 00:17:49,160 in the first place right except the 390 00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:52,820 optics are way better pretty it's pretty 391 00:17:57,040 --> 00:17:55,010 similar i mean the the number of lenses 392 00:17:58,810 --> 00:17:57,050 and the configuration is very similar to 393 00:18:00,940 --> 00:17:58,820 those very similar see of a spherical 394 00:18:04,810 --> 00:18:00,950 lenses and so forth in here but i can 395 00:18:08,020 --> 00:18:04,820 tell you that um is this particular 396 00:18:09,190 --> 00:18:08,030 telescope is a chromatic hmm well you 397 00:18:11,020 --> 00:18:09,200 got to describe what that is what is 398 00:18:14,680 --> 00:18:11,030 that chromatic that means that you don't 399 00:18:16,450 --> 00:18:14,690 see if you have like a cheap optics to 400 00:18:19,180 --> 00:18:16,460 telescopes you can see the colors 401 00:18:21,010 --> 00:18:19,190 separate right which means different 402 00:18:22,420 --> 00:18:21,020 band passes are different colors of 403 00:18:25,630 --> 00:18:22,430 light are focusing in different 404 00:18:29,980 --> 00:18:25,640 locations an a chromatic telescope of 405 00:18:31,960 --> 00:18:29,990 the size is ideal for looking at solar 406 00:18:33,520 --> 00:18:31,970 system objects because you see the 407 00:18:36,700 --> 00:18:33,530 colors as they really are you don't see 408 00:18:38,140 --> 00:18:36,710 that separation right so I if you'd like 409 00:18:40,810 --> 00:18:38,150 like she likes to zenna said if you look 410 00:18:42,460 --> 00:18:40,820 at it inexpensive telescopes and you 411 00:18:44,140 --> 00:18:42,470 look at a bright spot of light you'll 412 00:18:46,900 --> 00:18:44,150 see little prisms or a little little 413 00:18:48,460 --> 00:18:46,910 spreading out of light in the the 414 00:18:51,160 --> 00:18:48,470 imperfections in the optics causing it 415 00:18:53,440 --> 00:18:51,170 to basically act like a prism so this 416 00:18:56,760 --> 00:18:53,450 corrects for that and can you still get 417 00:18:59,380 --> 00:18:56,770 this telescope yes yes you can ok sir so 418 00:19:00,700 --> 00:18:59,390 you do a search for Galileo scope and 419 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:00,710 you'll be able to get that and you can 420 00:19:05,170 --> 00:19:02,810 see these kinds of things that we're 421 00:19:07,090 --> 00:19:05,180 talking about here but Hubble is not a 422 00:19:09,280 --> 00:19:07,100 Galileo scope this is a little bit 423 00:19:11,920 --> 00:19:09,290 better a little bit a little bit of a 424 00:19:14,080 --> 00:19:11,930 step up before we transition that I'm 425 00:19:16,090 --> 00:19:14,090 with some amateur astronomers that I 426 00:19:18,010 --> 00:19:16,100 know they actually one from Stuart 427 00:19:20,350 --> 00:19:18,020 foreman who's up in the bay area here in 428 00:19:23,290 --> 00:19:20,360 California did go out and observe with 429 00:19:25,360 --> 00:19:23,300 his telescope and he posted up his 430 00:19:27,430 --> 00:19:25,370 frames with the help of Mike Phillips 431 00:19:31,930 --> 00:19:27,440 who was an amateur astronomer in North 432 00:19:34,210 --> 00:19:31,940 Carolina and here is this is up on 433 00:19:37,180 --> 00:19:34,220 youtube so sure about as well but this 434 00:19:40,150 --> 00:19:37,190 is what he was able to see from the Bay 435 00:19:43,030 --> 00:19:40,160 Area name and this is his frames going 436 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:43,040 back and forth yeah it's it's really 437 00:19:49,300 --> 00:19:45,730 cool that the Hubble heritage program 438 00:19:53,110 --> 00:19:49,310 decided to look at this system of 439 00:19:57,000 --> 00:19:53,120 transits because that these were 440 00:19:58,840 --> 00:19:57,010 observed by cassini and historically 441 00:20:00,640 --> 00:19:58,850 they were 442 00:20:03,370 --> 00:20:00,650 some of the first solar system 443 00:20:08,320 --> 00:20:03,380 observations with a telescope and NASA 444 00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:08,330 likes to commemorate these contributors 445 00:20:15,520 --> 00:20:11,690 to astronomy by naming missions after 446 00:20:16,830 --> 00:20:15,530 them so Galileo was the name used for 447 00:20:19,330 --> 00:20:16,840 the mission to the Jupiter system 448 00:20:21,280 --> 00:20:19,340 Cassini the mission to the Saturn system 449 00:20:24,970 --> 00:20:21,290 that's still going around there and 450 00:20:26,830 --> 00:20:24,980 Hubble was also named after a famous 451 00:20:29,980 --> 00:20:26,840 astronomer who made fundamental 452 00:20:32,230 --> 00:20:29,990 contributions to science so it's really 453 00:20:36,010 --> 00:20:32,240 cool that I mean Cassini was the first 454 00:20:39,400 --> 00:20:36,020 to observe shadows of moons going across 455 00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:39,410 the disk of Jupiter and they they they 456 00:20:44,830 --> 00:20:42,290 led to the first precise determination 457 00:20:48,370 --> 00:20:44,840 of longitude difference between Paris 458 00:20:50,680 --> 00:20:48,380 and Copenhagen for example so a lot of 459 00:20:53,470 --> 00:20:50,690 good science was done based on these 460 00:20:56,830 --> 00:20:53,480 types of observations and now Hubble has 461 00:20:58,810 --> 00:20:56,840 captured images of it at you know much 462 00:21:00,820 --> 00:20:58,820 higher fidelity than those astronomers 463 00:21:02,620 --> 00:21:00,830 ever could have dreamed of yeah but the 464 00:21:04,900 --> 00:21:02,630 cool thing is is that with your own 465 00:21:07,140 --> 00:21:04,910 telescope you can see what Hubble is 466 00:21:10,120 --> 00:21:07,150 seeing maybe not with the same 467 00:21:11,860 --> 00:21:10,130 resolution mm-hmm but it's one of the 468 00:21:14,350 --> 00:21:11,870 few times and you can actually follow 469 00:21:16,720 --> 00:21:14,360 along with Hubble yeah right that's a 470 00:21:18,700 --> 00:21:16,730 good point uh so he Sonics that I 471 00:21:20,950 --> 00:21:18,710 actually before you go back to top 472 00:21:25,090 --> 00:21:20,960 besides that I just wanted to understand 473 00:21:28,450 --> 00:21:25,100 what okay so we we got this link to the 474 00:21:32,530 --> 00:21:28,460 public and to amateurs why should we 475 00:21:36,010 --> 00:21:32,540 study Jupiter or any object in the solar 476 00:21:39,070 --> 00:21:36,020 system with Hubble we have satellites 477 00:21:41,500 --> 00:21:39,080 that go there well we don't have 478 00:21:43,810 --> 00:21:41,510 actually have any missions in orbit 479 00:21:45,730 --> 00:21:43,820 around Jupiter right now the Juno 480 00:21:49,120 --> 00:21:45,740 mission is on its way there and it 481 00:21:50,860 --> 00:21:49,130 should arrive next year but it's not 482 00:21:53,110 --> 00:21:50,870 going to do the same type of things that 483 00:21:55,510 --> 00:21:53,120 Hubble can do so Hubble's main advantage 484 00:22:01,150 --> 00:21:55,520 well it has two main advantages for 485 00:22:03,910 --> 00:22:01,160 studying Jupiter one is that it can it 486 00:22:05,170 --> 00:22:03,920 can sense in the ultraviolet so we can't 487 00:22:08,380 --> 00:22:05,180 do that from the ground because the 488 00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:08,390 Earth's atmosphere blocks ultraviolet 489 00:22:12,310 --> 00:22:09,530 good thing because we would die 490 00:22:14,379 --> 00:22:12,320 otherwise but 491 00:22:18,039 --> 00:22:14,389 the other the other advantage is that 492 00:22:20,139 --> 00:22:18,049 Hubble can take very sharp images at 493 00:22:22,450 --> 00:22:20,149 optical wavelengths so we can we can 494 00:22:26,080 --> 00:22:22,460 track motions of these clouds as they 495 00:22:28,120 --> 00:22:26,090 move and you can even see that in in the 496 00:22:31,120 --> 00:22:28,130 animation just over this one Hubble 497 00:22:36,399 --> 00:22:31,130 orbit so those that the animation on the 498 00:22:39,340 --> 00:22:36,409 on the Hubble site shows just maybe 50 499 00:22:41,350 --> 00:22:39,350 minutes of these moons moving across 500 00:22:44,950 --> 00:22:41,360 Jupiter space but you can also see the 501 00:22:46,480 --> 00:22:44,960 clouds as they rotate well as Jupiter 502 00:22:49,029 --> 00:22:46,490 rotates you can see the clouds moving 503 00:22:51,159 --> 00:22:49,039 and they move at different speeds so 504 00:22:55,360 --> 00:22:51,169 some of the belts have different jet 505 00:22:58,210 --> 00:22:55,370 speeds than than other belts and by 506 00:23:01,749 --> 00:22:58,220 charting those motions you can see what 507 00:23:03,519 --> 00:23:01,759 the weather is on Jupiter and and we can 508 00:23:06,960 --> 00:23:03,529 understand the physics of atmospheres 509 00:23:10,299 --> 00:23:06,970 make parallels to the Earth's atmosphere 510 00:23:12,249 --> 00:23:10,309 in fact parallels to the oceans of Earth 511 00:23:15,129 --> 00:23:12,259 some of the board asees like the Great 512 00:23:17,799 --> 00:23:15,139 Red Spot are types of vortices that are 513 00:23:21,129 --> 00:23:17,809 present in the oceans of the Earth and 514 00:23:25,330 --> 00:23:21,139 Jupiter is our closest example of what 515 00:23:28,180 --> 00:23:25,340 exoplanets are like and a lot of current 516 00:23:31,509 --> 00:23:28,190 interest is and finding planets around 517 00:23:34,930 --> 00:23:31,519 other stars but it's hard to study those 518 00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:34,940 in detail and by studying Jupiter we can 519 00:23:39,909 --> 00:23:37,250 sort of make analogy as to some of the 520 00:23:41,289 --> 00:23:39,919 processes there awesome thank i was 521 00:23:43,210 --> 00:23:41,299 gonna yeah i'm glad you brought that up 522 00:23:45,610 --> 00:23:43,220 Carol because I was ult was saying that 523 00:23:47,950 --> 00:23:45,620 you know primarily the Hubble heritage 524 00:23:49,779 --> 00:23:47,960 images are chosen for their aesthetic 525 00:23:51,820 --> 00:23:49,789 values but there's good science it can 526 00:23:54,310 --> 00:23:51,830 also be done but we also had the 527 00:23:56,110 --> 00:23:54,320 shrinking red spot this year too so that 528 00:23:59,470 --> 00:23:56,120 was another case where I guess her boat 529 00:24:01,180 --> 00:23:59,480 was useful for helping to monitor that's 530 00:24:03,190 --> 00:24:01,190 right that's right so there's a lot of 531 00:24:05,470 --> 00:24:03,200 good useful science that can be done 532 00:24:07,330 --> 00:24:05,480 using Hubble and primarily because as 533 00:24:10,180 --> 00:24:07,340 you as you point out Mike there's not a 534 00:24:11,590 --> 00:24:10,190 current mission around Jupiter 2 to make 535 00:24:13,749 --> 00:24:11,600 these observations so Hubble is very 536 00:24:15,430 --> 00:24:13,759 valuable in that sense so I have a 537 00:24:16,629 --> 00:24:15,440 question from charles bell and i think 538 00:24:19,360 --> 00:24:16,639 i'm going to give this to use old he 539 00:24:21,190 --> 00:24:19,370 goes some how do you keep the ccd camera 540 00:24:24,750 --> 00:24:21,200 pixels from saturating from such a 541 00:24:32,190 --> 00:24:30,180 hello zolt looks frozen well basically 542 00:24:35,130 --> 00:24:32,200 we we have to make sure the exposure is 543 00:24:38,250 --> 00:24:35,140 short enough and then it won't saturate 544 00:24:41,310 --> 00:24:38,260 right we have we have calculators based 545 00:24:43,860 --> 00:24:41,320 on the known spectrum of Astrophysical 546 00:24:45,750 --> 00:24:43,870 objects we can calculate through any 547 00:24:47,850 --> 00:24:45,760 filter on Hubble what's the right 548 00:24:50,010 --> 00:24:47,860 exposure time that's right that's again 549 00:24:51,390 --> 00:24:50,020 we don't care what never actually talked 550 00:24:53,360 --> 00:24:51,400 about this before have we the exposure 551 00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:53,370 time calculator there's a tool that 552 00:25:00,690 --> 00:24:56,410 astronomers can use to actually figure 553 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:00,700 out what exposures to say or Hubble 554 00:25:12,240 --> 00:25:09,650 Carol yes I'm here yes yes I mean the 555 00:25:14,130 --> 00:25:12,250 actually that would hell hole hang out 556 00:25:17,130 --> 00:25:14,140 not just things I know what is actually 557 00:25:19,950 --> 00:25:17,140 a good idea how you figure out how to do 558 00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:19,960 these observations and I think the 559 00:25:24,750 --> 00:25:21,330 beautiful thing about this particular 560 00:25:27,990 --> 00:25:24,760 observation in calculating the exposure 561 00:25:30,150 --> 00:25:28,000 time and also the beauty of the detector 562 00:25:32,430 --> 00:25:30,160 is that you get enough dynamic range 563 00:25:34,920 --> 00:25:32,440 that you can you can actually see the 564 00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:34,930 detail of the shadows which are very 565 00:25:41,940 --> 00:25:37,210 dark you can see the different 566 00:25:44,910 --> 00:25:41,950 brightnesses of the Jupiter bands and 567 00:25:47,970 --> 00:25:44,920 you can also see those moons which I I 568 00:25:50,280 --> 00:25:47,980 found now the long-case Callisto you 569 00:25:53,820 --> 00:25:50,290 have to adjust it a little bit to see 570 00:25:55,860 --> 00:25:53,830 that Callisto is pretty dark but still 571 00:25:57,360 --> 00:25:55,870 the fact that you can get the exposure 572 00:26:00,750 --> 00:25:57,370 time right that you get all that stuff 573 00:26:03,120 --> 00:26:00,760 at the same time i think is impressive 574 00:26:05,370 --> 00:26:03,130 for you guys who planned the observation 575 00:26:07,530 --> 00:26:05,380 i just was a cheerleader i had nothing 576 00:26:09,060 --> 00:26:07,540 to do with the exposure time right but 577 00:26:10,470 --> 00:26:09,070 that you know that is something that we 578 00:26:13,350 --> 00:26:10,480 we should we should have a hangout 579 00:26:15,240 --> 00:26:13,360 specifically on that is it pretty yeah 580 00:26:17,220 --> 00:26:15,250 it is that we did yeah there's there but 581 00:26:19,230 --> 00:26:17,230 there are tools as Mike pointed out that 582 00:26:20,850 --> 00:26:19,240 that Shauna murs can use to help figure 583 00:26:23,420 --> 00:26:20,860 out the exposure time so that's how they 584 00:26:25,950 --> 00:26:23,430 keep that's how I kept it from 585 00:26:28,400 --> 00:26:25,960 saturating such a such a bright object 586 00:26:31,260 --> 00:26:28,410 it's just a matter of figuring out the 587 00:26:34,710 --> 00:26:31,270 exposure time so I'm seeing a new term 588 00:26:37,470 --> 00:26:34,720 on the Q&A app huh blurs never heard 589 00:26:40,140 --> 00:26:37,480 that before hubli I kind of like Heather 590 00:26:44,549 --> 00:26:40,150 I had like couplers / Hubble huggers oh 591 00:26:46,230 --> 00:26:44,559 yeah no I I'm a hubble hugger but sev 592 00:26:48,450 --> 00:26:46,240 dust bunny goes good evening huh blurs 593 00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:48,460 and also we have a comp I have a 594 00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:50,530 question here from wired magazine hello 595 00:26:55,380 --> 00:26:53,410 huh blurs Nick Stockton here from wired 596 00:26:57,630 --> 00:26:55,390 magazine was wondering if observations 597 00:26:59,010 --> 00:26:57,640 like these contribute and to Mike I'll 598 00:27:01,500 --> 00:26:59,020 I'll direct this to you since i'm not 599 00:27:03,450 --> 00:27:01,510 sure where his ult went was wondering if 600 00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:03,460 observations like these contribute to 601 00:27:07,799 --> 00:27:06,010 science of looking for exomoons that's 602 00:27:10,260 --> 00:27:07,809 happening with Kepler and other 603 00:27:12,299 --> 00:27:10,270 telescopes looking for exomoons so how 604 00:27:16,289 --> 00:27:12,309 does this do these observations help us 605 00:27:19,289 --> 00:27:16,299 with those sorts of observations uh not 606 00:27:23,820 --> 00:27:19,299 really but there there is kind of a tie 607 00:27:26,490 --> 00:27:23,830 into another program jPAS carpets and as 608 00:27:31,710 --> 00:27:26,500 an email about this earlier that that's 609 00:27:33,840 --> 00:27:31,720 all forwarded but the there was a 610 00:27:37,020 --> 00:27:33,850 program to look at jupiter when venus 611 00:27:39,630 --> 00:27:37,030 transited across the Sun so Venus's 612 00:27:41,280 --> 00:27:39,640 shadow was falling on Jupiter now you 613 00:27:43,049 --> 00:27:41,290 wouldn't see it you would all you would 614 00:27:46,970 --> 00:27:43,059 see is the whole disk of Jupiter dimming 615 00:27:50,640 --> 00:27:46,980 a little bit but I don't believe that 616 00:27:52,680 --> 00:27:50,650 wait a minute whoa hold on so Venus was 617 00:27:56,940 --> 00:27:52,690 passing in front of the Sun as the 618 00:28:00,270 --> 00:27:56,950 originator and it was casting a shadow 619 00:28:02,250 --> 00:28:00,280 on Jupiter yeah but but not a resolve 620 00:28:04,159 --> 00:28:02,260 shadow so unlike these images where you 621 00:28:06,870 --> 00:28:04,169 see a black dot all you would 622 00:28:10,710 --> 00:28:06,880 theoretically see is Jupiter getting a 623 00:28:13,860 --> 00:28:10,720 little bit dimmer the problem is the 624 00:28:15,690 --> 00:28:13,870 signal-to-noise ratio so in order to 625 00:28:17,700 --> 00:28:15,700 actually see that you have to very 626 00:28:19,850 --> 00:28:17,710 precisely measure how bright Jupiter is 627 00:28:22,230 --> 00:28:19,860 but as you can see as it as it rotates 628 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:22,240 spots are coming into view and leaving 629 00:28:26,700 --> 00:28:24,730 so there's a number of other reasons why 630 00:28:28,530 --> 00:28:26,710 Jupiter's total brightness is changing 631 00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:28,540 so I I don't think they were successful 632 00:28:34,560 --> 00:28:30,490 in that effort now when we look at 633 00:28:36,330 --> 00:28:34,570 exoplanets again a lot of times we're 634 00:28:39,360 --> 00:28:36,340 looking at small changes in brightness 635 00:28:43,440 --> 00:28:39,370 of the host star as the planet goes in 636 00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:43,450 front of the star so there again you 637 00:28:49,169 --> 00:28:46,330 need very high signal-to-noise to detect 638 00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:49,179 this very small change in brightness so 639 00:28:55,490 --> 00:28:51,130 a moon around another planet 640 00:28:58,890 --> 00:28:55,500 is another level of signal to noise I i 641 00:29:02,130 --> 00:28:58,900 I'm not really sure about whether that's 642 00:29:03,750 --> 00:29:02,140 been done or but I'm sure at some point 643 00:29:06,090 --> 00:29:03,760 it will be but you have all these other 644 00:29:08,250 --> 00:29:06,100 noise terms to worry about what changing 645 00:29:10,440 --> 00:29:08,260 brightness of sunspots and things like 646 00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:10,450 that can you can you tell us what the 647 00:29:20,670 --> 00:29:16,210 contrast ratio is or tail I said like 648 00:29:22,800 --> 00:29:20,680 between the shadow Venus and Jupiter was 649 00:29:29,010 --> 00:29:22,810 that like one in a million in one in ten 650 00:29:32,730 --> 00:29:29,020 million that I could calculate it thank 651 00:29:34,950 --> 00:29:32,740 you give me a car I think compared to 652 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:34,960 the size of the Sun basically and Venus 653 00:29:39,420 --> 00:29:37,570 is very small so or the area of Venus 654 00:29:42,960 --> 00:29:39,430 compared to the rave let's surface area 655 00:29:45,840 --> 00:29:42,970 yeah yes it never ceases to amaze me it 656 00:29:47,970 --> 00:29:45,850 amazed me how precise we can get our 657 00:29:51,480 --> 00:29:47,980 photometry these days I mean Kepler as 658 00:29:54,120 --> 00:29:51,490 as Nick pointed out is is you know it 659 00:29:56,670 --> 00:29:54,130 was looking for other earth-sized 660 00:29:59,790 --> 00:29:56,680 planets and then it's designed to 661 00:30:02,070 --> 00:29:59,800 measure tiny dips in brightness in these 662 00:30:04,110 --> 00:30:02,080 stars as planets pass in front and so 663 00:30:06,330 --> 00:30:04,120 the fact that we do this now with with 664 00:30:08,460 --> 00:30:06,340 things like Venus passing in front of 665 00:30:11,610 --> 00:30:08,470 the Sun and dimming Jupiter just blows 666 00:30:13,380 --> 00:30:11,620 me away that's that's amazing so anyway 667 00:30:18,420 --> 00:30:13,390 it's amazing I was just going to comment 668 00:30:23,460 --> 00:30:18,430 that that Kepler as amazing as it is is 669 00:30:26,010 --> 00:30:23,470 barely able to reach find planets that 670 00:30:30,300 --> 00:30:26,020 are the size of the earth so to find a 671 00:30:33,420 --> 00:30:30,310 moon is really tough it's really hard i 672 00:30:37,380 --> 00:30:33,430 read the tickets especially if you had 673 00:30:39,950 --> 00:30:37,390 say you had an earth-sized moon not sure 674 00:30:42,390 --> 00:30:39,960 would be a moon it may be a binary 675 00:30:45,830 --> 00:30:42,400 planet at that point but if you had to 676 00:30:50,280 --> 00:30:45,840 piter's and then and then earth an 677 00:30:53,790 --> 00:30:50,290 earth-sized satellite around it it'd be 678 00:30:56,130 --> 00:30:53,800 very hard to tell you know in a 679 00:30:58,530 --> 00:30:56,140 situation where those two are passing in 680 00:31:02,100 --> 00:30:58,540 front of between us and the star and 681 00:31:04,500 --> 00:31:02,110 then sometimes the moon is in behind or 682 00:31:04,680 --> 00:31:04,510 in front and the dimming of the law that 683 00:31:08,310 --> 00:31:04,690 will 684 00:31:11,360 --> 00:31:08,320 be a really a level of precision that is 685 00:31:14,430 --> 00:31:11,370 beyond Kepler's capability at least 686 00:31:18,140 --> 00:31:14,440 right so that's a great question Nick 687 00:31:22,410 --> 00:31:18,150 thank you very much so timothy rent ram 688 00:31:24,870 --> 00:31:22,420 ram Pieri rent sorry Tim I'm messing 689 00:31:27,660 --> 00:31:24,880 your name up with so many moons and this 690 00:31:29,580 --> 00:31:27,670 maybe could go to Carol or Mike with so 691 00:31:32,790 --> 00:31:29,590 many moons does this make Jupiter's 692 00:31:33,960 --> 00:31:32,800 atmosphere complex in other words like I 693 00:31:35,970 --> 00:31:33,970 guess another way of putting that as 694 00:31:38,700 --> 00:31:35,980 does the moons of Jupiter up with within 695 00:31:40,380 --> 00:31:38,710 it there are many more than four does 696 00:31:44,070 --> 00:31:40,390 what effect does that have on Jupiter's 697 00:31:46,350 --> 00:31:44,080 atmosphere do you if any did when I 698 00:31:52,050 --> 00:31:46,360 guess to answer that question okay Mike 699 00:31:53,550 --> 00:31:52,060 gonna yes but he's the expert okay you 700 00:31:56,190 --> 00:31:53,560 gotta you gotta guess for Smike you're 701 00:32:01,980 --> 00:31:56,200 muted Oh Mike you're muted unmeet 702 00:32:03,870 --> 00:32:01,990 microphone and try again okay yeah yeah 703 00:32:05,100 --> 00:32:03,880 it's a minimal effect there's two ways 704 00:32:07,850 --> 00:32:05,110 that the moon's could affect the 705 00:32:10,740 --> 00:32:07,860 atmosphere they could either change the 706 00:32:12,990 --> 00:32:10,750 radiation or sunlight that would reach 707 00:32:21,720 --> 00:32:13,000 Jupiter or they could transfer material 708 00:32:24,210 --> 00:32:21,730 to Jupiter so these up actually we don't 709 00:32:27,030 --> 00:32:24,220 have any images prepared but hubble 710 00:32:28,470 --> 00:32:27,040 hubble ultra violent images show one of 711 00:32:31,740 --> 00:32:28,480 the clearest links between the moon's 712 00:32:33,600 --> 00:32:31,750 and and the atmosphere so when you look 713 00:32:38,100 --> 00:32:33,610 at jupiter and ultraviolet with Hubble 714 00:32:39,360 --> 00:32:38,110 you can see at an auroral oval and it's 715 00:32:41,580 --> 00:32:39,370 a similar thing when you look at the 716 00:32:43,770 --> 00:32:41,590 earth the Northern Lights the Southern 717 00:32:46,140 --> 00:32:43,780 Lights they form an oval around the 718 00:32:49,140 --> 00:32:46,150 Magnetic Pole and Jupiter's moons 719 00:32:50,790 --> 00:32:49,150 actually have streams of particles that 720 00:32:52,950 --> 00:32:50,800 travel through the magnetic field and 721 00:32:55,140 --> 00:32:52,960 then hit the planet near the rural oval 722 00:32:57,600 --> 00:32:55,150 and you can see footprints of the moons 723 00:33:01,530 --> 00:32:57,610 and watch them as they go around the 724 00:33:04,440 --> 00:33:01,540 planet so there is a linkage there and 725 00:33:05,940 --> 00:33:04,450 so it doesn't really affect the 726 00:33:08,970 --> 00:33:05,950 atmosphere that much but it's useful 727 00:33:11,070 --> 00:33:08,980 that there is this this linkage because 728 00:33:12,780 --> 00:33:11,080 it can help you study processes in the 729 00:33:16,290 --> 00:33:12,790 magnetosphere where these particles are 730 00:33:18,510 --> 00:33:16,300 traveling through space interesting 731 00:33:20,580 --> 00:33:18,520 thing though about that question is 732 00:33:23,240 --> 00:33:20,590 pattern is a different case so Saturn 733 00:33:25,770 --> 00:33:23,250 has these big rings they're not 734 00:33:28,110 --> 00:33:25,780 technically a moon or anything but they 735 00:33:30,630 --> 00:33:28,120 do they do affect the atmosphere there 736 00:33:32,640 --> 00:33:30,640 because the Rings are so big they can 737 00:33:35,100 --> 00:33:32,650 shade the atmosphere and you have 738 00:33:37,490 --> 00:33:35,110 seasonal changes if you could imagine 739 00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:37,500 floating around in Saturn's atmosphere 740 00:33:42,330 --> 00:33:40,330 depending on what latitude you're at you 741 00:33:45,060 --> 00:33:42,340 may see the Rings blocking the Sun and 742 00:33:46,620 --> 00:33:45,070 get a lot less sunlight than some other 743 00:33:49,320 --> 00:33:46,630 areas of the planet so that does affect 744 00:33:52,230 --> 00:33:49,330 the atmosphere of Saturn cool now 745 00:33:54,930 --> 00:33:52,240 Jupiter also has a small ring doesn't it 746 00:33:56,820 --> 00:33:54,940 yeah very faint ring very faint ring but 747 00:33:58,140 --> 00:33:56,830 it's not it's not enough i guess to make 748 00:34:00,210 --> 00:33:58,150 much of a difference in the atmosphere 749 00:34:01,380 --> 00:34:00,220 so okay good question timothy thank you 750 00:34:03,900 --> 00:34:01,390 very much there was a great question 751 00:34:05,340 --> 00:34:03,910 from charles bell it went away I guess 752 00:34:08,669 --> 00:34:05,350 he deleted it but I want to ask it 753 00:34:10,860 --> 00:34:08,679 anyway um and that is is there a minimum 754 00:34:12,930 --> 00:34:10,870 exposure time for Hubble and Carol if 755 00:34:15,240 --> 00:34:12,940 you may not know this I don't know but I 756 00:34:18,300 --> 00:34:15,250 know oh do is there okay good good mike 757 00:34:21,899 --> 00:34:18,310 is in a long time that you can take a 758 00:34:24,930 --> 00:34:21,909 minimum exposure time there there is and 759 00:34:27,600 --> 00:34:24,940 it depends not on the telescope but on 760 00:34:30,350 --> 00:34:27,610 the instrument or the camera the cam 761 00:34:32,940 --> 00:34:30,360 though these are these observations of 762 00:34:36,600 --> 00:34:32,950 the moon transits were taken with the 763 00:34:39,630 --> 00:34:36,610 wide field camera 3 or whips III as we 764 00:34:42,389 --> 00:34:39,640 affectionately call it and whips III has 765 00:34:44,490 --> 00:34:42,399 a minimum exposure time of less than 766 00:34:46,680 --> 00:34:44,500 half a second I don't remember precisely 767 00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:46,690 its point 3 or point 4 seconds is a 768 00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:51,010 minimum I think it might be point 3 but 769 00:34:58,050 --> 00:34:55,690 anyways that I mean since we're talking 770 00:34:59,940 --> 00:34:58,060 about these technical things there's 771 00:35:01,710 --> 00:34:59,950 something really cool about this image 772 00:35:03,480 --> 00:35:01,720 sequence and I wish though it was still 773 00:35:05,850 --> 00:35:03,490 here because I forgot the exact number 774 00:35:07,200 --> 00:35:05,860 of frames that were taken you just need 775 00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:07,210 to look at that he said that it crashed 776 00:35:13,080 --> 00:35:10,810 she'll be back in 20 25 something like 777 00:35:15,510 --> 00:35:13,090 that what if you are there yes though 778 00:35:17,880 --> 00:35:15,520 when we do our science observations we 779 00:35:19,530 --> 00:35:17,890 like to capture the entire disk of the 780 00:35:22,380 --> 00:35:19,540 planet because it's really rare that we 781 00:35:25,290 --> 00:35:22,390 get to observe Jupiter with Hubble and 782 00:35:29,220 --> 00:35:25,300 so we want to we want to observe the 783 00:35:30,630 --> 00:35:29,230 entire thing but for this sequence we 784 00:35:32,310 --> 00:35:30,640 had a different priority we wanted to 785 00:35:35,550 --> 00:35:32,320 get as many frames as we could 786 00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:35,560 build up with smooth animation and so we 787 00:35:42,750 --> 00:35:37,930 use frame we could use like a sub array 788 00:35:44,220 --> 00:35:42,760 only reading out part of the detector as 789 00:35:47,700 --> 00:35:44,230 old I'm talking about how we use that 790 00:35:50,370 --> 00:35:47,710 welcome back hi sorry about that that's 791 00:35:52,530 --> 00:35:50,380 alright so we use sub-arrays we only 792 00:35:54,690 --> 00:35:52,540 read out part of the detector and this 793 00:35:58,470 --> 00:35:54,700 allowed us to build up a whole bunch of 794 00:36:01,020 --> 00:35:58,480 frames without pausing to dump the 795 00:36:03,360 --> 00:36:01,030 buffer but basically we got a really 796 00:36:05,370 --> 00:36:03,370 smooth animation at the cost of cutting 797 00:36:08,490 --> 00:36:05,380 off the corners so if you look at that 798 00:36:10,200 --> 00:36:08,500 image we we don't have the entire planet 799 00:36:12,180 --> 00:36:10,210 there but we did that on purpose because 800 00:36:14,820 --> 00:36:12,190 we wanted to build up a smooth animation 801 00:36:18,680 --> 00:36:14,830 so I did want to backtrack but I did 802 00:36:21,900 --> 00:36:18,690 find that I'm Oh brilliant Mike yeah 803 00:36:24,150 --> 00:36:21,910 they're in this ultraviolet image to the 804 00:36:27,450 --> 00:36:24,160 left you can see sort of like a bright 805 00:36:31,260 --> 00:36:27,460 little comma feature I'm gonna go that's 806 00:36:33,150 --> 00:36:31,270 the IO foot yeah iOS no one just to show 807 00:36:35,430 --> 00:36:33,160 people it is on Hubble site as well if 808 00:36:38,670 --> 00:36:35,440 anybody wants to have that image awesome 809 00:36:40,320 --> 00:36:38,680 okay great okay so what I just tweeted 810 00:36:42,540 --> 00:36:40,330 it out along with the link and it's in 811 00:36:45,060 --> 00:36:42,550 the event page on Google debate well 812 00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:45,070 with the link thanks good I'm problem 813 00:36:51,750 --> 00:36:48,490 right so here's a question from wat van 814 00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:51,760 de van der haida I think seeing three 815 00:36:56,700 --> 00:36:54,490 moons transiting Jupiter is rare but has 816 00:36:59,190 --> 00:36:56,710 there ever been a quadruple transit in 817 00:37:02,190 --> 00:36:59,200 other words I Oh Callisto Europa and 818 00:37:04,080 --> 00:37:02,200 Ganymede has where I've ever been one 819 00:37:10,530 --> 00:37:04,090 with all four I've heard that's 820 00:37:13,050 --> 00:37:10,540 impossible hmm but I yeah I think the 821 00:37:17,850 --> 00:37:13,060 issue is that three of the moons are 822 00:37:21,330 --> 00:37:17,860 locked in Laplace resonance which means 823 00:37:25,410 --> 00:37:21,340 that their orbital periods are iOS four 824 00:37:29,520 --> 00:37:25,420 battle period is half the half the 825 00:37:31,350 --> 00:37:29,530 duration of Europa's period and so on so 826 00:37:33,450 --> 00:37:31,360 I think there's a constraint that if 827 00:37:34,590 --> 00:37:33,460 some of the moons are on one side than 828 00:37:37,350 --> 00:37:34,600 the other one has to be on the other 829 00:37:39,780 --> 00:37:37,360 side or something like that okay I don't 830 00:37:42,000 --> 00:37:39,790 think it's possible i did want to 831 00:37:44,170 --> 00:37:42,010 mention and maybe zylle will not be 832 00:37:46,270 --> 00:37:44,180 happy i did but 833 00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:46,280 more than those three moons that 834 00:37:55,270 --> 00:37:51,010 actually transit yes that's right and no 835 00:37:57,520 --> 00:37:55,280 amateur caught this because it is so 836 00:38:02,010 --> 00:37:57,530 little it's really hard to see but there 837 00:38:04,780 --> 00:38:02,020 are little tiny turtles image is 838 00:38:08,230 --> 00:38:04,790 probably on the sequence that we capture 839 00:38:11,079 --> 00:38:08,240 yeah yes it's very difficult to see you 840 00:38:13,480 --> 00:38:11,089 really are missing oh go ahead and blow 841 00:38:15,730 --> 00:38:13,490 the image up on a you know big screen 842 00:38:20,200 --> 00:38:15,740 and we're all that good oh I see yeah 843 00:38:23,170 --> 00:38:20,210 you have a mafia Phoebe yep this time 844 00:38:26,980 --> 00:38:23,180 I'm we'll see on TV oh they're just a 845 00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:26,990 little tiny dots Wow in fact you can see 846 00:38:32,290 --> 00:38:29,690 the shadows to do you have them to 847 00:38:35,799 --> 00:38:32,300 somebody have that yeah I can you kind 848 00:38:38,290 --> 00:38:35,809 of have to zoom in to see go yes well we 849 00:38:42,460 --> 00:38:38,300 have a good one we have a little video 850 00:38:44,980 --> 00:38:42,470 that we made that zoomed in that's not 851 00:38:50,380 --> 00:38:44,990 actually a post on Hubble side it is 852 00:38:54,210 --> 00:38:50,390 posted on the Hubble heritage site uh if 853 00:38:59,530 --> 00:38:54,220 I can let's see I can bring that up here 854 00:39:02,559 --> 00:38:59,540 maybe oh sorry no that's okay no I was 855 00:39:08,140 --> 00:39:02,569 gonna listen here on the country being 856 00:39:11,170 --> 00:39:08,150 asked questions on the spot cool which 857 00:39:15,700 --> 00:39:11,180 we knew that they would be crossing the 858 00:39:18,309 --> 00:39:15,710 face because we had a we had charts that 859 00:39:21,220 --> 00:39:18,319 showed the configuration as we were 860 00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:21,230 planning the observations um but we 861 00:39:27,010 --> 00:39:23,210 weren't sure that we would actually see 862 00:39:28,450 --> 00:39:27,020 them and sure enough when we we had to 863 00:39:31,240 --> 00:39:28,460 sort of even stretch them a little hard 864 00:39:33,280 --> 00:39:31,250 we had to adjust the contrast and 865 00:39:34,870 --> 00:39:33,290 brightness such that you could see these 866 00:39:37,059 --> 00:39:34,880 and then the other thing is that there's 867 00:39:39,549 --> 00:39:37,069 actually a little bit of noise and stuff 868 00:39:41,289 --> 00:39:39,559 and the images so it's in it and they're 869 00:39:44,140 --> 00:39:41,299 moving across the clouds which are very 870 00:39:46,120 --> 00:39:44,150 complex so you know it's a little hard 871 00:39:48,460 --> 00:39:46,130 to tell what what if you look at just 872 00:39:51,190 --> 00:39:48,470 one frame it's very difficult to tell 873 00:39:53,500 --> 00:39:51,200 what's a little tiny moon what's a cloud 874 00:39:55,270 --> 00:39:53,510 feature and what may be some noise in 875 00:39:57,100 --> 00:39:55,280 the detector but if you look at the 876 00:39:59,260 --> 00:39:57,110 frames in succession if you may 877 00:40:02,890 --> 00:39:59,270 take the movie and look at them you can 878 00:40:06,340 --> 00:40:02,900 see the marching across the frame and if 879 00:40:11,860 --> 00:40:06,350 I uh if I try to forget it up right now 880 00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:11,870 okay yeah yeah there it is and i'll put 881 00:40:14,230 --> 00:40:13,010 the link it out on twitter and 882 00:40:16,660 --> 00:40:14,240 everything like that but this is phone 883 00:40:18,940 --> 00:40:16,670 at the hubble heritage site and i'll 884 00:40:20,080 --> 00:40:18,950 make it that's right heritage yeah and 885 00:40:21,220 --> 00:40:20,090 you should guys should bookmark that 886 00:40:24,310 --> 00:40:21,230 site there's a lot of cool stuff on 887 00:40:27,220 --> 00:40:24,320 their heritage does stsci edu a lot of 888 00:40:28,840 --> 00:40:27,230 cool stuff there so yeah I could see it 889 00:40:33,610 --> 00:40:28,850 now look at that well that is so awesome 890 00:40:35,260 --> 00:40:33,620 yeah right now is amazed that is a bike 891 00:40:38,740 --> 00:40:35,270 do you know how big those moons are I 892 00:40:40,390 --> 00:40:38,750 don't I haven't looked that up uh no I 893 00:40:41,980 --> 00:40:40,400 would have to look it up i am not really 894 00:40:44,260 --> 00:40:41,990 good at memorizing over there certainly 895 00:40:46,510 --> 00:40:44,270 tiny compared to the Galilean ones and 896 00:40:51,640 --> 00:40:46,520 they are very small there but they're 897 00:40:55,840 --> 00:40:51,650 about an arcsecond that's diameter okay 898 00:40:57,430 --> 00:40:55,850 oh no no wait wait moms will get it no 899 00:40:59,530 --> 00:40:57,440 no we're not talking about together land 900 00:41:02,260 --> 00:40:59,540 moons right we're talking about the 901 00:41:04,740 --> 00:41:02,270 little tiny guy yeah yeah oh those 902 00:41:08,950 --> 00:41:04,750 they're less than that no way less alone 903 00:41:11,110 --> 00:41:08,960 um but I you know what I bet if we had 904 00:41:13,930 --> 00:41:11,120 captured these frames when those moves 905 00:41:15,220 --> 00:41:13,940 were just starting to cross the disk on 906 00:41:17,260 --> 00:41:15,230 the limb of Jupiter they would have 907 00:41:19,390 --> 00:41:17,270 stood out a little bit more this is 908 00:41:22,990 --> 00:41:19,400 something that Cassini actually noticed 909 00:41:25,240 --> 00:41:23,000 in their first you know the first 910 00:41:27,610 --> 00:41:25,250 telescopic observations of the Galilean 911 00:41:29,260 --> 00:41:27,620 satellites crossing the disk is that you 912 00:41:31,150 --> 00:41:29,270 could see them you could see the moons 913 00:41:33,610 --> 00:41:31,160 as they first through a small telescope 914 00:41:35,620 --> 00:41:33,620 but see the moons as they first touched 915 00:41:37,720 --> 00:41:35,630 Jupiter's edge but once they get towards 916 00:41:39,370 --> 00:41:37,730 them the center of the planet with a 917 00:41:42,340 --> 00:41:39,380 small chocolate you can't really see the 918 00:41:43,720 --> 00:41:42,350 moons and interesting so about that that 919 00:41:45,910 --> 00:41:43,730 was something that these early 920 00:41:48,630 --> 00:41:45,920 scientists used to figure out the 921 00:41:52,690 --> 00:41:48,640 Jupiter probably has an atmosphere 922 00:41:58,230 --> 00:41:52,700 because it it's brighter in the middle 923 00:42:01,210 --> 00:41:58,240 and dimmer around the edges so this 924 00:42:03,760 --> 00:42:01,220 basically just finding the light curve 925 00:42:06,610 --> 00:42:03,770 as the brightness changes is a technique 926 00:42:10,560 --> 00:42:06,620 that we use for exoplanets to but so for 927 00:42:13,510 --> 00:42:10,570 inquiring minds io is 36 928 00:42:17,500 --> 00:42:13,520 about thirty six hundred kilometers in 929 00:42:20,290 --> 00:42:17,510 diameter and Athiya is about 250 so less 930 00:42:23,940 --> 00:42:20,300 than ten times and thieving is a hundred 931 00:42:26,470 --> 00:42:23,950 sixteen so it's well pretty darn little 932 00:42:28,359 --> 00:42:26,480 little guys out little rocks out there 933 00:42:30,970 --> 00:42:28,369 that's a real tribute to Hubble be able 934 00:42:35,200 --> 00:42:30,980 to resolve its really great well I'm not 935 00:42:39,160 --> 00:42:35,210 really see you sooner so there but it 936 00:42:42,010 --> 00:42:39,170 tends to a thousand sir sighs yeah I'm a 937 00:42:44,890 --> 00:42:42,020 big moons okay they're so small they're 938 00:42:47,410 --> 00:42:44,900 not even round if you right right i was 939 00:42:51,280 --> 00:42:47,420 noticing that when i lifted yeah so 940 00:42:53,290 --> 00:42:51,290 small to not even right 80 but those 941 00:42:54,970 --> 00:42:53,300 would be basically regular satellites 942 00:42:57,850 --> 00:42:54,980 they're not like captured asteroids or 943 00:43:00,730 --> 00:42:57,860 something are they no because these are 944 00:43:04,840 --> 00:43:00,740 very close to the planet um actually da 945 00:43:08,109 --> 00:43:04,850 mafia well it's I'm not sure to be 946 00:43:10,120 --> 00:43:08,119 honest um but they're consider regular 947 00:43:13,780 --> 00:43:10,130 satellites they they they orbit in 948 00:43:17,020 --> 00:43:13,790 Jupiter's equatorial plane Amal Tia has 949 00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:17,030 a faint ring associated with it too it's 950 00:43:21,730 --> 00:43:19,010 very closely aligned yeah but the 951 00:43:24,609 --> 00:43:21,740 irregular satellites they don't have to 952 00:43:27,520 --> 00:43:24,619 be in the equatorial you know orbiting 953 00:43:31,180 --> 00:43:27,530 in Jupiter's equatorial plan some of 954 00:43:33,820 --> 00:43:31,190 those are just like at any angle in 955 00:43:36,370 --> 00:43:33,830 polar orbits whatever there are nothing 956 00:43:39,849 --> 00:43:36,380 about that Phoebe are two of the four 957 00:43:44,050 --> 00:43:39,859 inner satellites and there are inside 958 00:43:45,910 --> 00:43:44,060 the orbit of Io Europa and and you can 959 00:43:48,910 --> 00:43:45,920 even see that from the from the color 960 00:43:52,840 --> 00:43:48,920 composites yeah because if you look at 961 00:43:55,300 --> 00:43:52,850 how far did I Oh move yeah yeah in that 962 00:43:58,890 --> 00:43:55,310 image it's a small amount compared to 963 00:44:01,780 --> 00:43:58,900 how far did a Mafiya and Phoebe move so 964 00:44:03,880 --> 00:44:01,790 things that are closer to the planet are 965 00:44:06,280 --> 00:44:03,890 orbiting faster than things farther out 966 00:44:08,680 --> 00:44:06,290 so you can just see from this image 967 00:44:10,090 --> 00:44:08,690 which one's the closer one right in it 968 00:44:12,820 --> 00:44:10,100 and the fact that they are closer 969 00:44:16,000 --> 00:44:12,830 actually allows them to make a shadow 970 00:44:19,930 --> 00:44:16,010 where as if they were further out forget 971 00:44:21,290 --> 00:44:19,940 it yeah right so uh now that you're back 972 00:44:23,150 --> 00:44:21,300 sold and we we 973 00:44:26,900 --> 00:44:23,160 we we lost you there for a little bit i 974 00:44:29,690 --> 00:44:26,910 want to get to some of the nuts and 975 00:44:31,310 --> 00:44:29,700 bolts of the processing of the images 976 00:44:32,900 --> 00:44:31,320 and Charles I'm gonna get started with a 977 00:44:35,870 --> 00:44:32,910 question from Charles Bell who's asking 978 00:44:38,420 --> 00:44:35,880 could you show a preview or raw image of 979 00:44:40,400 --> 00:44:38,430 Jupiter before any processing to bring 980 00:44:42,650 --> 00:44:40,410 out bands across the disk I'm curious to 981 00:44:44,900 --> 00:44:42,660 know how you get the bands of Jupiter to 982 00:44:46,280 --> 00:44:44,910 show so clearly I don't worry so much 983 00:44:48,980 --> 00:44:46,290 about you probably don't have any raw 984 00:44:51,230 --> 00:44:48,990 I'm just handy but how do you get the 985 00:44:54,110 --> 00:44:51,240 the bands and and what what sort of 986 00:44:56,780 --> 00:44:54,120 techniques do you do to bring out some 987 00:44:57,890 --> 00:44:56,790 of these details well I'll have to say 988 00:45:00,740 --> 00:44:57,900 that we didn't really do anything 989 00:45:02,750 --> 00:45:00,750 special to make the band's appear they 990 00:45:06,470 --> 00:45:02,760 basically appear in the images and again 991 00:45:09,830 --> 00:45:06,480 if I show my screen I can show some of 992 00:45:14,570 --> 00:45:09,840 these images I don't have raw raw images 993 00:45:19,120 --> 00:45:14,580 but I have the individual images that we 994 00:45:22,700 --> 00:45:19,130 produced well it's that's interesting 995 00:45:25,400 --> 00:45:22,710 it's not showing up here I'm having all 996 00:45:30,740 --> 00:45:25,410 kinds of technical difficulty I'm 997 00:45:36,730 --> 00:45:30,750 terribly sorry um I don't know why this 998 00:45:39,980 --> 00:45:36,740 is not okay here we go yeah so this is 999 00:45:42,410 --> 00:45:39,990 making the color composite right I was 1000 00:45:49,490 --> 00:45:42,420 good hoping to show my computer is not 1001 00:45:50,900 --> 00:45:49,500 cooperating with me um I I don't know 1002 00:45:53,270 --> 00:45:50,910 what's going on with this okay so 1003 00:45:55,370 --> 00:45:53,280 terribly sorry that's all right but the 1004 00:45:57,680 --> 00:45:55,380 images themselves as far as the you know 1005 00:46:00,470 --> 00:45:57,690 I think Charles is trying to get to he 1006 00:46:03,350 --> 00:46:00,480 apparently he is wondering you know are 1007 00:46:05,930 --> 00:46:03,360 there any ways in which you might be 1008 00:46:07,340 --> 00:46:05,940 able to maximize the the contrast or 1009 00:46:10,660 --> 00:46:07,350 maybe get the band's to show up a little 1010 00:46:14,240 --> 00:46:10,670 bit better well one thing is we used 1011 00:46:16,460 --> 00:46:14,250 kind of specialized filters and these 1012 00:46:19,340 --> 00:46:16,470 are narrow band filters which isolate a 1013 00:46:22,900 --> 00:46:19,350 very narrow range of wavelengths or 1014 00:46:25,190 --> 00:46:22,910 colors out of the visible light spectrum 1015 00:46:26,360 --> 00:46:25,200 almost killed enlisted you have you can 1016 00:46:28,850 --> 00:46:26,370 see them right there that is your 1017 00:46:32,150 --> 00:46:28,860 shipping the listed ya there these are 1018 00:46:33,120 --> 00:46:32,160 these Hubble filter names so f 33 395 1019 00:46:37,200 --> 00:46:33,130 and F 1020 00:46:40,380 --> 00:46:37,210 2n + f6 31 in and those are codes for 1021 00:46:42,269 --> 00:46:40,390 telling us what the wavelength coverage 1022 00:46:43,859 --> 00:46:42,279 of these light of these filters are so 1023 00:46:46,079 --> 00:46:43,869 basically we have a you know 400 1024 00:46:48,390 --> 00:46:46,089 nanometers 500 nanometers and 600 1025 00:46:50,400 --> 00:46:48,400 nanometers basically in red green and 1026 00:46:52,019 --> 00:46:50,410 blue image basically red green and blue 1027 00:46:55,349 --> 00:46:52,029 although they're not exactly right 1028 00:46:57,359 --> 00:46:55,359 Greenville but anyway and they're called 1029 00:47:00,779 --> 00:46:57,369 narrow band filters which again sample a 1030 00:47:02,519 --> 00:47:00,789 very narrow range of colors and the only 1031 00:47:03,870 --> 00:47:02,529 reason the main reason the narrow band 1032 00:47:06,509 --> 00:47:03,880 filters are chosen is too because they 1033 00:47:08,960 --> 00:47:06,519 let in less light and Jupiter being 1034 00:47:11,220 --> 00:47:08,970 relatively bright a very bright object 1035 00:47:14,309 --> 00:47:11,230 especially for Hubble for a large 1036 00:47:16,140 --> 00:47:14,319 telescope it cuts down on the amount of 1037 00:47:18,059 --> 00:47:16,150 light so you can you can use reasonable 1038 00:47:19,589 --> 00:47:18,069 exposures if you're raising the 1039 00:47:21,900 --> 00:47:19,599 broadband filters we'd have to use 1040 00:47:24,630 --> 00:47:21,910 exposures or fractions of a second which 1041 00:47:26,940 --> 00:47:24,640 is harder to do with bubble and we would 1042 00:47:29,519 --> 00:47:26,950 run at some exposure time which all 1043 00:47:33,720 --> 00:47:29,529 right all right right we just talked 1044 00:47:36,539 --> 00:47:33,730 about that earlier so yes so using those 1045 00:47:40,170 --> 00:47:36,549 narrow band filters also isolates the 1046 00:47:43,650 --> 00:47:40,180 colors more sharply of the ban of the 1047 00:47:46,319 --> 00:47:43,660 bands in the atmosphere Jupiter so each 1048 00:47:48,990 --> 00:47:46,329 individual filter will isolate a 1049 00:47:51,690 --> 00:47:49,000 particular color and that increases the 1050 00:47:54,420 --> 00:47:51,700 contrast so if you're sampling a larger 1051 00:47:57,509 --> 00:47:54,430 range of colors from the white light 1052 00:48:00,269 --> 00:47:57,519 you're going to blur out the you're 1053 00:48:02,999 --> 00:48:00,279 going to be mixing colors from what's in 1054 00:48:05,519 --> 00:48:03,009 the atmosphere and so those colors those 1055 00:48:07,319 --> 00:48:05,529 bands will be less distinct so Charles 1056 00:48:09,690 --> 00:48:07,329 I'm not sure what filters you're using 1057 00:48:11,549 --> 00:48:09,700 but one thing you can do is I mean see 1058 00:48:13,200 --> 00:48:11,559 if you can get narrower band filters so 1059 00:48:15,140 --> 00:48:13,210 when you take your images you might you 1060 00:48:19,109 --> 00:48:15,150 might get better results that way so 1061 00:48:21,509 --> 00:48:19,119 let's see also we also produce the 1062 00:48:24,029 --> 00:48:21,519 images in a way that we can we can 1063 00:48:25,950 --> 00:48:24,039 adjust the contrast and brightness I'm 1064 00:48:29,519 --> 00:48:25,960 just like you can with any photograph 1065 00:48:31,650 --> 00:48:29,529 and we kind of maximize that contrast to 1066 00:48:33,749 --> 00:48:31,660 show all those details but we also want 1067 00:48:35,220 --> 00:48:33,759 to preserve details and the brightest 1068 00:48:37,019 --> 00:48:35,230 parts of the image on that and the 1069 00:48:38,579 --> 00:48:37,029 famous parts of the animal carcass parks 1070 00:48:41,039 --> 00:48:38,589 with the intern so we basically just 1071 00:48:44,579 --> 00:48:41,049 adjust the brightness and contrast so it 1072 00:48:46,800 --> 00:48:44,589 provides the best range of tones within 1073 00:48:49,200 --> 00:48:46,810 each individual image and then we 1074 00:48:52,500 --> 00:48:49,210 when we composite those together we end 1075 00:48:55,170 --> 00:48:52,510 up with a color image right so you're 1076 00:48:56,970 --> 00:48:55,180 just approached me about the processing 1077 00:48:59,010 --> 00:48:56,980 one of the things that's really 1078 00:49:02,940 --> 00:48:59,020 important is removing geometric 1079 00:49:04,550 --> 00:49:02,950 distortion though because it the the raw 1080 00:49:06,690 --> 00:49:04,560 Hubble images when they come down 1081 00:49:09,450 --> 00:49:06,700 Jupiter isn't the right shape that's 1082 00:49:10,950 --> 00:49:09,460 kind of stretched out and so we have to 1083 00:49:13,380 --> 00:49:10,960 we have to run a computer program that 1084 00:49:15,930 --> 00:49:13,390 unstretched is it back to what it would 1085 00:49:17,460 --> 00:49:15,940 naturally appear right so as you brought 1086 00:49:19,980 --> 00:49:17,470 that up that's a that's a function of 1087 00:49:22,530 --> 00:49:19,990 the the camera as well as the optical 1088 00:49:25,110 --> 00:49:22,540 path of Hubble as well right yeah yeah 1089 00:49:27,630 --> 00:49:25,120 that's mainly a telescope well it 1090 00:49:29,220 --> 00:49:27,640 depends on where so light is coming in 1091 00:49:31,560 --> 00:49:29,230 through the telescope and it falls on 1092 00:49:33,540 --> 00:49:31,570 what we call the focal plane of the 1093 00:49:35,100 --> 00:49:33,550 telescope and different instruments are 1094 00:49:37,200 --> 00:49:35,110 in different places of the focal plane 1095 00:49:40,260 --> 00:49:37,210 and we're from this camera where whoops 1096 00:49:41,850 --> 00:49:40,270 III is it's it's tilted a little bit 1097 00:49:43,890 --> 00:49:41,860 with respect to the focal plane so that 1098 00:49:45,510 --> 00:49:43,900 kind of stretches out everything right 1099 00:49:48,030 --> 00:49:45,520 and so we have a correction it's a known 1100 00:49:50,390 --> 00:49:48,040 correction that has to be done on all 1101 00:49:53,130 --> 00:49:50,400 images really not just ones of Jim 1102 00:49:54,690 --> 00:49:53,140 internship yeah that are taken with that 1103 00:49:56,250 --> 00:49:54,700 are taking with Hubble so here's a good 1104 00:49:58,350 --> 00:49:56,260 question for Michael S on the Q&A app 1105 00:50:01,050 --> 00:49:58,360 are there any Galilean moons large 1106 00:50:03,090 --> 00:50:01,060 enough or close enough from an observer 1107 00:50:05,160 --> 00:50:03,100 on the surface of Jupiter let's pretend 1108 00:50:09,930 --> 00:50:05,170 we're on Jupiter and looking up to 1109 00:50:12,060 --> 00:50:09,940 create a solar eclipse ow actually these 1110 00:50:13,380 --> 00:50:12,070 shadows if you happen to be on Jupiter 1111 00:50:16,470 --> 00:50:13,390 and you're under knee in the shadow 1112 00:50:18,840 --> 00:50:16,480 passes over you that's eclipse right yep 1113 00:50:22,250 --> 00:50:18,850 that's exactly what it looks like from 1114 00:50:25,590 --> 00:50:22,260 space so if we were on the earth and 1115 00:50:27,540 --> 00:50:25,600 experiencing a solar eclipse then a 1116 00:50:29,520 --> 00:50:27,550 satellite would see a similar thing it 1117 00:50:31,710 --> 00:50:29,530 would see a dark spot on on the earth 1118 00:50:34,920 --> 00:50:31,720 from the Earth's moon the question 1119 00:50:36,780 --> 00:50:34,930 though is the relative size if you're if 1120 00:50:39,030 --> 00:50:36,790 you could stand on Jupiter and you're 1121 00:50:41,850 --> 00:50:39,040 looking back at the Sun what would be 1122 00:50:45,600 --> 00:50:41,860 the relative size of the side of the 1123 00:50:47,640 --> 00:50:45,610 moon and the Sun so from the earth the 1124 00:50:50,850 --> 00:50:47,650 coincident it's coincidental that the 1125 00:50:53,040 --> 00:50:50,860 during solar eclipse the moon exactly 1126 00:50:55,560 --> 00:50:53,050 covers the disk of the Sun right that's 1127 00:50:58,230 --> 00:50:55,570 because the geometry between the 1128 00:51:00,270 --> 00:50:58,240 distance and the sizes is just such by 1129 00:51:02,280 --> 00:51:00,280 coincidence that they're the same 1130 00:51:03,990 --> 00:51:02,290 yeah yeah right that's a glad you 1131 00:51:05,790 --> 00:51:04,000 brought that up where the only play this 1132 00:51:07,320 --> 00:51:05,800 is one of the few places in the only 1133 00:51:09,240 --> 00:51:07,330 place i know of in sword where the where 1134 00:51:12,750 --> 00:51:09,250 the in solar system where our moon 1135 00:51:15,600 --> 00:51:12,760 exactly matches the apparent size of the 1136 00:51:19,290 --> 00:51:15,610 Sun in the sky and completely blocks it 1137 00:51:21,120 --> 00:51:19,300 out and only the only time Tony because 1138 00:51:22,830 --> 00:51:21,130 in the future as a moon gets farther 1139 00:51:24,720 --> 00:51:22,840 from the earth we're not gonna hobble 1140 00:51:28,350 --> 00:51:24,730 eclipse is anymore we'll just have 1141 00:51:32,250 --> 00:51:28,360 annular eclipses that's right so good ? 1142 00:51:35,130 --> 00:51:32,260 oh that was nice okay so okay so answer 1143 00:51:39,030 --> 00:51:35,140 that right if we if we look at the color 1144 00:51:41,670 --> 00:51:39,040 composite io shadow and Callisto shadow 1145 00:51:43,890 --> 00:51:41,680 now I'll shadow is really dark and sharp 1146 00:51:45,600 --> 00:51:43,900 which tells me that if you were inside 1147 00:51:48,840 --> 00:51:45,610 that shadow you would see a total solar 1148 00:51:52,890 --> 00:51:48,850 eclipse but Callisto shadow is really 1149 00:51:54,990 --> 00:51:52,900 blurry which tells me that if you were 1150 00:51:57,750 --> 00:51:55,000 there you would probably see an annulus 1151 00:52:02,490 --> 00:51:57,760 of solar brightness around around the 1152 00:52:04,970 --> 00:52:02,500 Sun there so it would be the sharpness 1153 00:52:08,970 --> 00:52:04,980 of the shadow means a lot as far as the 1154 00:52:14,540 --> 00:52:08,980 the ecliptic I clipped what's the word 1155 00:52:21,210 --> 00:52:17,670 yes nature of a play he lived he clipped 1156 00:52:23,610 --> 00:52:21,220 icity is the word I was good I don't 1157 00:52:26,190 --> 00:52:23,620 think that's a word I believe it I just 1158 00:52:33,120 --> 00:52:26,200 made it up include you think include 2 1159 00:52:35,610 --> 00:52:33,130 2day okay better all right so um alright 1160 00:52:37,530 --> 00:52:35,620 so Judy uh welcome back Judy it's good 1161 00:52:39,960 --> 00:52:37,540 to see you again she's commenting huh 1162 00:52:42,660 --> 00:52:39,970 blurs is okay makes the transition to 1163 00:52:44,880 --> 00:52:42,670 jwst easier we can we could be Webber's 1164 00:52:48,740 --> 00:52:44,890 one day try to come up with an analog to 1165 00:52:50,850 --> 00:52:48,750 Hubble huggers for web web well please 1166 00:52:52,890 --> 00:52:50,860 okay I like I don't know about that one 1167 00:52:55,380 --> 00:52:52,900 will have to think about that will table 1168 00:52:56,850 --> 00:52:55,390 it so Scott how am i doing I am I would 1169 00:53:00,810 --> 00:52:56,860 you got anything for Twitter for us or 1170 00:53:03,510 --> 00:53:00,820 let me look at the youtube uh comments 1171 00:53:07,740 --> 00:53:03,520 I'm looking around right now okay I'm 1172 00:53:11,340 --> 00:53:07,750 screen sharing an image of a solar 1173 00:53:14,250 --> 00:53:11,350 eclipse caused by the moon as okay it's 1174 00:53:18,630 --> 00:53:14,260 a satellite looking down on the year 1175 00:53:21,420 --> 00:53:18,640 yeah a photograph of an eclipse as it 1176 00:53:23,700 --> 00:53:21,430 crosses the surface of the earth so 1177 00:53:25,440 --> 00:53:23,710 that's the shadow of the moon and you 1178 00:53:27,300 --> 00:53:25,450 can see a similar thing whether it's the 1179 00:53:31,490 --> 00:53:27,310 dark part in the middle the Umbra and 1180 00:53:34,770 --> 00:53:31,500 then the number around it pretty cool 1181 00:53:36,540 --> 00:53:34,780 okay so there here's a comment from 1182 00:53:39,110 --> 00:53:36,550 YouTube I'll go ahead and put this up 1183 00:53:43,110 --> 00:53:39,120 and maybe somebody can comment on it 1184 00:53:44,880 --> 00:53:43,120 kuna a GQ from my youtube is going 1185 00:53:47,010 --> 00:53:44,890 looking at the picture posted on the NBC 1186 00:53:49,230 --> 00:53:47,020 News website which linked to this 1187 00:53:51,420 --> 00:53:49,240 YouTube site I can't figure out why the 1188 00:53:53,880 --> 00:53:51,430 shadows don't seem to be in a consistent 1189 00:53:56,790 --> 00:53:53,890 position with respect to the respective 1190 00:53:59,040 --> 00:53:56,800 moon's the bottom-left moon appears to 1191 00:54:01,200 --> 00:53:59,050 be casting a shadow as if the Sun is off 1192 00:54:03,390 --> 00:54:01,210 to the left in the photo and the top 1193 00:54:05,610 --> 00:54:03,400 right moon appears to be casting a 1194 00:54:08,880 --> 00:54:05,620 shadow as if the Sun was above and to 1195 00:54:10,170 --> 00:54:08,890 the right what am I missing here was 1196 00:54:15,480 --> 00:54:10,180 there some kind was some kind of 1197 00:54:17,220 --> 00:54:15,490 combined time lapse photo no no I think 1198 00:54:19,460 --> 00:54:17,230 it would really help to look at the 1199 00:54:22,620 --> 00:54:19,470 version of the the image where 1200 00:54:25,620 --> 00:54:22,630 everything is labeled because I think 1201 00:54:27,180 --> 00:54:25,630 what's going on is in an unlabeled image 1202 00:54:29,550 --> 00:54:27,190 it's hard to tell which shadow goes with 1203 00:54:31,800 --> 00:54:29,560 which move but all the moons are casting 1204 00:54:35,670 --> 00:54:31,810 shadows to the rights write the vector 1205 00:54:37,920 --> 00:54:35,680 is the same they're also the moons are 1206 00:54:41,490 --> 00:54:37,930 also at different distances yeah so the 1207 00:54:42,840 --> 00:54:41,500 shadows are offset but yeah I think Mike 1208 00:54:46,170 --> 00:54:42,850 you're right you have to look at those 1209 00:54:51,030 --> 00:54:46,180 labeled ones to connect with shadow goes 1210 00:54:53,010 --> 00:54:51,040 with which moon it is coming over your 1211 00:54:55,110 --> 00:54:53,020 left shoulder as you look at this yeah 1212 00:54:56,820 --> 00:54:55,120 way after you left show it's all 1213 00:54:58,710 --> 00:54:56,830 confusing because I Oh is right over 1214 00:55:01,770 --> 00:54:58,720 Callisto's shadow at something is that 1215 00:55:06,930 --> 00:55:01,780 in fact before our observation started 1216 00:55:09,930 --> 00:55:06,940 earlier on I o Shah though was passed 1217 00:55:12,510 --> 00:55:09,940 over Callisto's shadow stupid we 1218 00:55:14,610 --> 00:55:12,520 couldn't observe during that time past 1219 00:55:16,740 --> 00:55:14,620 you got so there's a lots of funny 1220 00:55:20,460 --> 00:55:16,750 little fan and my understand also is it 1221 00:55:23,250 --> 00:55:20,470 I oh actually got eclipsed by Callisto I 1222 00:55:26,030 --> 00:55:23,260 believe at some point so ah this is 1223 00:55:27,710 --> 00:55:26,040 shadow cast over I oh no 1224 00:55:31,850 --> 00:55:27,720 been pulled again but again we couldn't 1225 00:55:34,070 --> 00:55:31,860 schedule that we also have limited 1226 00:55:40,460 --> 00:55:34,080 little little slice of typing we did 1227 00:55:41,810 --> 00:55:40,470 with our one orbit yeah it's pretty but 1228 00:55:45,110 --> 00:55:41,820 yeah you know there's so many little 1229 00:55:48,500 --> 00:55:45,120 things going on it's so dynamic all 1230 00:55:50,570 --> 00:55:48,510 right well folks I guess I can just 1231 00:55:52,550 --> 00:55:50,580 trying to Oh Jonathan posted sir 1232 00:55:55,760 --> 00:55:52,560 jonathan ive never posted something of a 1233 00:55:59,390 --> 00:55:55,770 pod it oh is it an astronomy picture of 1234 00:56:02,780 --> 00:55:59,400 the day I didn't see that I know the 1235 00:56:05,800 --> 00:56:02,790 same image that that that Carol put up 1236 00:56:08,810 --> 00:56:05,810 there is already broke number on there 1237 00:56:11,630 --> 00:56:08,820 from 1999 but yeah I'm hoping it goes up 1238 00:56:13,550 --> 00:56:11,640 tomorrow for a pod okay awesome yes that 1239 00:56:16,400 --> 00:56:13,560 would be great okay well guys I guess 1240 00:56:18,140 --> 00:56:16,410 that's it for today this week will I 1241 00:56:19,730 --> 00:56:18,150 want to thank you sold and and Mike and 1242 00:56:22,250 --> 00:56:19,740 Susanna for joining us this has been a 1243 00:56:25,310 --> 00:56:22,260 great hangout lots of fun stuff next 1244 00:56:27,320 --> 00:56:25,320 week our hangout will be our we would 1245 00:56:29,410 --> 00:56:27,330 again it's another hangout in the in 1246 00:56:32,690 --> 00:56:29,420 sort of celebration of our 25th 1247 00:56:35,150 --> 00:56:32,700 anniversary of Hubble of Hubble's launch 1248 00:56:37,100 --> 00:56:35,160 where would be we will be looking at a 1249 00:56:40,250 --> 00:56:37,110 collection of pictures we've assembled 1250 00:56:43,880 --> 00:56:40,260 it's on our Hubble 25th org site would 1251 00:56:46,640 --> 00:56:43,890 be talking about 25 different images to 1252 00:56:48,350 --> 00:56:46,650 commemorate different science the 1253 00:56:49,850 --> 00:56:48,360 different science of missions and things 1254 00:56:51,890 --> 00:56:49,860 that Hubble is done throughout its 1255 00:56:54,230 --> 00:56:51,900 lifetime so we hope you will join us 1256 00:56:56,540 --> 00:56:54,240 then that will be next week thursday at 1257 00:57:00,800 --> 00:56:56,550 three o'clock so i guess that's it guys 1258 00:57:03,980 --> 00:57:00,810 uh Carol Scott ok thank you ringing all 1259 00:57:05,630 --> 00:57:03,990 right ok guys well I want to thank you 1260 00:57:08,270 --> 00:57:05,640 all for watching and we'll see you next 1261 00:57:10,160 --> 00:57:08,280 week and don't forget video contest we 1262 00:57:12,230 --> 00:57:10,170 hope to see your ode to Hubble video 1263 00:57:13,790 --> 00:57:12,240 soon so start start getting your 1264 00:57:15,770 --> 00:57:13,800 creative juices going and we hope to see 1265 00:57:17,900 --> 00:57:15,780 your videos real quick so that's it for 1266 00:57:23,030 --> 00:57:17,910 this week thank you all for watching and